🔢Numeric Data Types

Numeric data types are used to represent numbers in Python. There are three main numeric data types in Python:

1. Integer: Integers are whole numbers without any decimal points. They can be positive, negative, or zero. In Python, integers are represented by the int class.

2. Float: Floats are numbers with decimal points or scientific notation. They can also be positive, negative, or zero. In Python, floats are represented by the float class.

3. Complex: Complex numbers are numbers with a real and imaginary part. They are represented in the form of a + bj, where a and b are floats, and j is the square root of -1. In Python, complex numbers are represented by the complex class.

Numeric data types are used in various mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and more. They are also used in scientific calculations and statistical analysis.

a. Integer

In Python, the integer data type represents positive or negative whole numbers without any decimal points. Integers are a common and basic type of data used in programming.

In Python, integers have unlimited precision, meaning that they can be as large or small as necessary without any overflow errors.

To assign an integer value to a variable in Python, simply use the equal sign (=) followed by the desired value.

Example:

# Assigning an integer value to a variable
x = 5

# Printing the value of the variable
print(x) # Output: 5

In Python, the type() function can be used to determine the data type of a variable. To check if a variable is of integer type, we can use the isinstance() function.

Example:

# Checking the data type of a variable
x = 5
print(type(x)) # Output: <class 'int'>

# Checking if a variable is of integer type
print(isinstance(x, int)) # Output: True

b. Float

A float is a numeric data type in Python that represents floating-point numbers. Floating-point numbers are numbers with a decimal point, and they can be positive or negative. Floats are commonly used in scientific and engineering applications where precise decimal calculations are required.

In Python, you can create a float by simply including a decimal point in a number. For example:

x = 3.14
y = -2.5

You can also use the float() function to convert other data types to a float. For example:

x = float(5)
y = float("3.14")

One important thing to note about float is that they are not always represented exactly due to the limitations of binary arithmetic. This can sometimes lead to unexpected results in calculations involving floats. To avoid such issues, you can use the decimal module in Python for more precise decimal calculations.

c. Complex

In Python, complex numbers are represented by a combination of a real and an imaginary part, both of which are represented by floating-point numbers. The imaginary part is denoted by a suffix 'j' or 'J'.

Here's an example of a complex number in Python:

z = 3 + 2j
print(z)

Output:

(3+2j)

In the example above, the variable z is a complex number with a real part of 3 and an imaginary part of 2. The output is displayed in parentheses, with the imaginary part followed by a 'j'.